Every society varies depending on the inner cultures. But
they all share some type of social control and they all the same reasons for
social change. Every category in these common areas has multiple examples of
how they control or change the society that they are part of. The change can be
resisted by multiple reasons create change.
The
core of the social control is based on the different types of sanctions that have are systems to
guide individuals to have the desired behavior. Some of these ways to guide are
based in punishments, that scare people from doing the deeds that are not
desired in the social group, and others are based on rewards that encourage
others to do the actions that benefit the society. Positive sanctions are those that encourage beneficial behavior by
giving rewards to those who commit the good behavior. Like giving candy to the
kids that do their home work or a promotion to loyal and working employees. Negative
sanctions are the opposite for actions that can harm others in any way. An
example could be no T.V. for those kinds that do not do their home work or
potting in jail those who stole or killed. Some sanctions are Informal like the ones parents use
because they have no real system in which punishments and rewards can be given
as well as there are formal
sanctions these sanctions are more
like laws that have a certain procedure were always the same type of punishment
and reward for every crime and good deed. The sanctions are a way of social control
that consists on giving self control to a society the best way to ensure this
is by internalizing the norms in the values of the culture.
Social
change can occur for multiple inner as well as outer disturbances that can
cause a social group to desire a change. Some of the inner reasons are values and beliefs as the ideology of a culture start to grow
more people will join changing the social beliefs. This change can likely happen as a social movement. Race divisions were
less accepted after the civil war and final ended the formal racial division thanks
to the ideological change in the societies that created a social movement to
create equal rights. Technology can
create change by adding new ways to control the environment. The printing press
added new religions by allowing more people to know about others that were in
discontent with the current religious status and system. As a population grows or shrinks the
culture changes to adapt to the new dominant cultures that have more members. Another
way of change is diffusion just as
in science diffusion is when a cultural are is lacking in something and enters
in contact with a culture that has what they are missing they start obtaining
it. The adaptation is referred as Reformulation. The physical environment can alter decision and the areas important for
a culture as well as wars and conflicts.
Resistance to cultural
change can happen because a culture believes they are the best and do not to adapt
this is called ethnocentrism. Other times
is causes by the cultural lag in which only parts of a culture are accepted before
other traditions. As well there can be a vested
interest in which the individuals have a gain to the ways they live in
their current state.
Care less of what sanctions or
reasons to resist change all cultures should understand that change can’t be
stopped. Many times change is a benefit. The American values that many have talked
of are a result of years of change and it is still changing depending in the multiple
variables. To live in a society id to live in an ever changing environment that has
both the ones that want to change as well as those who do not.
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