Wednesday, May 1, 2013

chapter 16 Population and urbanization



                The amount of individuals in a society is crucial to understand the future of a society the same as their location that determines how they separate and divide the social class. To start to understand the population is their change, which have been explained by Malthusian and demographic transition. Without controlling population the cities evolve. There is also an urban ecology and city life.
                To start measuring the population change the birth rate composed of the amount of live births divided by the total births times a thousand, this depends on the fertility and the fecundity. Death rate depends on the amount of deaths divided by the total population times a thousand that is made by infant mortality and the expectancy. Migration rate is made of the number of people that enter a country. When combined that gives the growth rate. Some countries have an exponential growth that doubles others stay the same in the worst case it decreases. Malthusian created a theory that dictates there will always be famine and a poor class because of the over population. The transition theory instead believes that for a society will improve its population growth after a 50 years with a good health care.
                                                  
                Many governments have notices that their population has a harmful change that has to be controlled. Many have an over population creating a need for family planning this can lead to a financial improvement caused by the lack of having to pay for more children than what they can handle. Other countries like Russia instead try to make people to have more children. As cities depend on location and number of individuals many cities  before industries were near bodies of water that could provide for the people. Now the new cities are around the preindustrial cities and use other methods to obtain water and no longer depend on the body of water.
                Urban ecology is the study of the interactions in urban areas that have divided the types of city structures. Concentric zone were the work is in the sector and in the outer layers there is the wealthier class. Sector model has work in the middle but the residential can varies. The multiple nuclei model is instead a mess with different areas and locations that do not always work. There are three theories of how to explain the social life. Urban anomie were people fight because of the small and compacted society, cosmopolitan were people can actually work together and subculture were people join based on common interest.
The population of an area is never constant of peaceful because of how the social structure based on the economy alters values and ideals. People need to reproduce to maintain the human race but the poor class is the one that ensures low prices which in term causes them to have more children to share the burden even when it only creates more poverty. We need change. Change only happens when people want and understand the change that is needed. 

No comments:

Post a Comment